Failure Training

[Sam]

Failure Training

Bodybuilders are usually failures while powerlifters are not.

Take no offence at this statement, however, because this simply means that most powerlifters do not routinely train to muscular failure; bodybuilders on the other hand , tend to focus all their training on muscle failure.

So who’s right and who’s wrong? And if failure is the way to go – how much failure is enough?

The Principle:

How muscle failure is defined can vary from one person to the next. Extremists consider it to be the total inability to move a weight. This is exemplified by either the guy in the gym who uses contorted body English to complete his reps until he literally can’t budge the bar another inch, or the one whose spotter totally lifts the weight for him.

Don’t be either. In the first scenario you risk injury, and in the second you only piss off your spotter for no appreciable gain.

As a bodybuilder seeking muscle growth, the kind of failure you want to reach should be defined as the point at which you can no longer perform another complete rep with proper form. Going to failure this way will properly fatigue the muscle and not put you or your spotter at risk of injury. Sure, go ahead and finish that last rep with less than stellar form – but stop there.

One note: if you train solo then failure has a different definition by necessity. For you, muscle failure is the point at which you know you won’t be able to complete the next rep with good form. If you can’t complete it with good form there’s a chance you won’t be able to complete it at all. If this happens during a barbell bench press, squat, leg press or shoulder press, it could leave you open to a serious injury. Stop the set there before you attempt that rep and consider it a set done to failure.

Strong evidence:

Most powerlifters don’t train to failure. They usually stick to a tight regime of a certain number of reps per set and never do more than that prescribed for the day’s workout. If a set feels light and they can get more than five reps (or whatever that days workout calls for), they still stop at five and simply add weight during the next workout. Recent research however, should have most powerlifters thinking about changing their training strategy.

Researchers at the Australian Institute of Sport (Canberra) have discovered that training to failure is important for maximising strength gains. The scientists performed two different studies to address the failure question. In one case, they set out to determine whether training to failure was necessary for gaining strength. They had athletes perform bench-press sessions for six weeks, doing either four sets of six reps (reaching failure during the last set) or eight sets of three reps (without ever reaching failure). Each workout was done three times per week. At the end of the study, the failure group had an increase in strength of 10%, while the group that never trained to failure had a strength increase of only 5%. In other words, by training to failure for just one set of bench presses, the athletes doubled their strength gains as compared to the group that never reached failure.

In another study, the Aussies investigated how much failure was required to maximise strength. They had three groups of athletes perform bench press sessions for six weeks. Group one trained with four sets of six reps, going to failure for all four sets. Group two trained with right sets of 3 reps, reaching failure for the last two sets. Group three performed 12 sets of 3 reps, training to failure for the last three sets.

Separating the athletes this way allowed the scientists to compare the number of sets the athletes took to failure; it also allowed them to analyse the effects of different numbers of sets and reps. Despite the differences in the number os sets and reps performed for the bench press and in the number of sets performed to failure, all groups had a 6% increase in bench press strength at the end of 6 weeks.

When both studies are compared side by side, there is a clear trend in regard to training to failure for strength. Training to failure for one set per exercise elicits twice the strength gains as not training to failure. Increasing the number of sets taken to failure from one set to two, three or four, provides no more benefit than doing just one set to failure. In fact, taking more than one set to failure may actually blunt strength gains by overtaxing the CNS. Take home message: for strength, do no more than one set to failure per exercise. No more, no less.

Muscling up:

So what about training to failure for gaining mass? After all, being stronger is great, but only if it accompanies more muscle. The bad news is that research studies haven’t looked directly at how muscles grow due to muscle failure. Looking at the Aussie studies, we could easily say that training to failure is important for muscle growth. Anecdotal reports from bodybuilders over many decades would support this contention. The question, however, is how much failure is optimal for muscle growth? Indirectly, the Australian research suggests that taking at least one set to failure per exercise may be important for stimulating size increases. Another indirect answer comes from a study performed in Finland.

It examined forced-rep training (in which an athlete takes a set to muscular failure and a spotter helps to finish two more reps). When forced reps were performed during all eight sets of a leg workout, levels of growth hormone (GH), an important anabolic hormone involved in muscle growth, were about three times higher that when eight straight sets were performed.

The point to be gained from this study is that you need to train with high intensity to boost your GH levels. Training to failure every set can help keep your training intensity high and boost your GH levels at a time when it’s most critical – after your workout.

Of course, overtraining can be an issue with continuous high-intensity training. Overtraining can lead to suppressed levels of testosterone, GH and insulin-like growth factor I; raised amounts of cortisol (catabolic hormone); and many other disturbances within the body that can sap muscle and strength gains.

One study reported that subjects who repeatedly trained to failure and also with forced reps for six weeks showed early signs of overtraining. Clearly, training to failure every set is something you want to limit. Take home message: Train to failure for all sets (after warming up) for a limited time – maybe six weeks. Then back off by training to failure for just the last set of each exercise for another six weeks. Keep your approach staggered in this manner to maximise muscle mass while preventing overtraining.

Beginners (those with less than one years of training experience) should spend at least the first 12 weeks going to failure for just the last set of every exercise. Follow this pattern until you have at least a full year of training experience before stepping up to the advanced level (see below).

Beginner:
Weeks 1-6: 2-3 sets of 8-10 reps (go to failure only for the last set of each exercise)
Weeks 7-12: 2-3 sets of 6-8 reps (go to failure only for the last set of each exercise)
Weeks 13-18: 2-3 sets of 10-12 reps (take all working sets to failure)
- Repeat the programme, starting from weeks 1-6

Advanced:
Weeks 1-6: 3-4 sets of 8-10 reps (take all working sets to failure)
Weeks 7-12: 3-4 sets of 5-6 reps (go to failure only for the last set of each exercise)
Weeks 13-18: 3-4 sets of 10-12 reps (take all working sets to failure)
- repeat the programme starting from weeks 7-12 and ending with weeks 1-6

- Jim Stoppani, FLEX magazine

[Sam]

So lads. What's your take on Failure Training? Do you do it? Does it work for you? Does it work for some body parts better than others?

What are your thoughts on the article? It is a year or so old so more up to date research might be available on this subject - does anyone know of any more recent information on the subject?

Personally, i train to failure more often depending what training program im on. For example when i did 5x5 i was training to failure sometimes 3 or 4 sets every exercise, but as the article alludes to, such a program drained me very quickly and i had to change it after about 8 weeks although i had originally planned to do 5 x 5 for 10 weeks.

Im just interested what everyones thoughts are. I was chatting to a mate of mine who trains to failure every set, every day, and still has incredible energy and focus in the gym - so obviously different things work for different people. However he seemed to think that because im female, i would be liable to tire quicker due to the lack of testosterone flying about in my body, is this likely to be true?

[1quick1]

Never did a program where I've taken each set to failure. It'd probably be good but not for every workout.

[Big Guns]

I've never been a big fan of 5X5. BB'rs are building muscle and power lifters want to be as strong as possible and as light as possible. If you want BIG strength then throw ALL your BB knowledge out the window. Form, and reps has always worked. I never do less than 8 reps and do as many as 40. My first tri exercise is an overhand push down for 20 s.s. w/ reverse grip push down for 20. YES IT HURTS!!!!
Taking each set to failure is dumb. 1st off very few no what failure is as we discussed in a prior thread. It will reak havoc on your body. Failur would mean you can't even hold the bar basically. It would drop onto your chest or floor.

I beleive in working the muscle NOT lifting the weight!! HUGE difference. BB'rs work the muscle....Power lifters lift the weight.

It was an interesting read. There is always something new that may work.....or it may not, everyone is different.

[Sam]

Originally Posted by Big Guns

Taking each set to failure is dumb. 1st off very few no what failure is as we discussed in a prior thread. It will reak havoc on your body. Failur would mean you can't even hold the bar basically. It would drop onto your chest or floor.

I agree with you - but some people just can't be told :rolleyes:

[sdb]

I think a lot of people get failure and fatigue mixed up.

[Big Guns]

Originally Posted by sdb

I think a lot of people get failure and fatigue mixed up.

BINGO!! Stated Perfectly

[IceDragon]

Great article, thanks Sam. I've personally never trained to failure but I might just start, see what happens.

[Sens]

I don't do as much to failure as I think I should. But in each workout I try to train so that the last 2 sets of the whole session are to failure. That way you leave knowing that you couldn't have possibly given any more. If you train to failure on an exercise earlier on in the session then it's going to affect the rest of your workout. I prefer to just train myself HARD until the very end.